Companies domestic enviroment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Companies domestic enviroment - Research Paper Example This company specialises in extracting crude oil, process it as well as selling the end products. Bp is headquartered in Houston America and it has been in the energy business for more than 100 years given that it started its operation in 1889. The domestic environment of America has a bearing on the operations of the company as a whole. According to the Department of Energy and Climate Change (2011), there are certain considerations that have to be taken into consideration by the energy companies to ensure that they do not violate the set standards of operation. For instance, protection of the environment is given priority in America and there is a legislation called Clean Air Act which guides the operations of this particular industry. As such, it can be noted that this organisation has to adhere to the government stipulations with regards to standard operations. The government of America has a bearing on the operations of this particular organisation since it sets the standard regulations. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is another regulatory body which monitors the operations of organisations that are involved in the energy business. If the safety and environmental regulations are violated, the respective company is fined large sums of money. The attribute they are list admired for is related to safety and environmental concerns. Bp is seen as one of the biggest polluters in America and this has impacted on its operations. In as much as safety and risk management are concerned, this organisation is poorly rated in these areas which is why it is least admired by people. Research has shown that Bp has a poor record of occupational safety and risk management. For instance, eleven people lost their lives following the incidence of the oil spill in the Gulf Coast (Bp, 2011). This can be attributed to the absence of safety and risk management plans in its operations. The company has a record of incidences where lives of people were lost

Computer Motherboard (Descriptive) Essay Example for Free

Computer Motherboard (Descriptive) Essay Motherboard Motherboard acts like the arteries of a human taking the blood all over allowing the blood to travel. It has many line-like structures that are like the veins and the arteries. These lines are the wires mounted on the motherboard that keep thousandths or even millions of connection. Motherboard is a small yet powerful device inside the computer system. The motherboard has three cards on it. First, the graphics card, it is like the eyes of the computer, it acts like the eye that saw and reflects images to the screen. Second, the sound card it is the mouth of the computer, it sends sound to the speaker, it shouts what the computer says. And the third, the modem, the nose of the computer. It sniffs messages from the wires coming from the telephone lines. If there’s a blood, there’s also the heart. The processor of the computer acts as the heart of the computer. It has a square-shaped chip that has many pins. It sits on the motherboard controlling all the cards including the motherboard. It controls, allows, and restricts information that is being disseminated into the system like the heart. It also has a heat sink and a fan keeping the processor cool. To be able to complete the system, it also has the brain. Hard disk serves as the brain of the computer. It is rectangular in shape. Inside it, there’s a mirror-like disk where all the information are stored. The disk spin at greater speed, depending on the information /data is being written into the disk. Motherboard is also consists of chips, transistors, and capacitors. It is the other component of the motherboard that acts like the organs of the system. These chips may be small as a grain of rice and bigger as a coin. Transistor is a small, black in color and rectangular in shape. It is sometimes recognizable because of its three metal legs attached on it. Transistors is consists of thousand or even million of IC (Integrated Circuit) packed in one part. And the capacitors are like tanks attached in the motherboard. It varies in size; it may be small, medium or large depending on the voltage and its capacitance. Motherboard is consists of millions of chips, transistors and IC’s. It acts like the body of the computer. Without it, the computer will not work. It is like the trunk of a tree. It is an amazing thing that has millions of wires attached in a small board. It is powerful and fundamental part that the computer will not work without it. Reference: * Motherboard. Retrieved from http://www. en. wikipedia. org/wiki/motherboard

U.S. vs Asian school system :: essays research papers

Two Systems into One In the past twenty years the United States school system has been accumulating quite a bit of criticism. Evidence shows that the United States has been lagging exponentially compared to almost all the industrialized countries. This specifically refers to Asian countries that are statistically blowing the U.S. out of the water. Recent survey results in the universal subject of math show us that the U.S. eighth graders have fallen behind, while the twelfth grade level showed only slight improvement (appositive). This means that the U.S. students are barely floating above water, where as, Asian students have built some sort of super boat (appositive). Yet we all recognize that not any one device is perfect, and are usually leaking water in the most unnoticeable spot. Before one realizes the problem, the boat is sinking. We would potentially look at these education systems as extremes of each other. Each education system being on the different side of the spectrum. Both systems having fa ults and advantages. Taking the positive aspects from both sides and merging them together, a harmonious education system could be established (verb phrase). The article â€Å"Japan’s School System† tells us that in an Asian classroom students will feel an incredible amount of pressure starting from grade school and up, while U.S. teachers are too afraid to raise the bar because of potential discouragement of the student. We examine evidence from the article â€Å"Strengths, weaknesses, and lessons of Japanese education†. A negative of the Asian school system, is the conformity that must be upheld. This achieves better education because it becomes the â€Å"thing to do†. When everybody is on the same curriculum there is no other choice but to follow the herd. While conformity creates better math students, it demises the aspect of creativity and individuality. The boat may float, but not posses any inspiration or differentiation from the others. The U.S. places a much bigger emphasis on creativity and choice. Thus providing students with opportunities that help them learn about them selves, and develop original ideas. An important characteristic that the U.S. education system lacks, is the idea of effort being directly correlated to success. In his article â€Å"Japan’s School System†, James Kilpatrick states that â€Å"The Japanese theory is that all children have the same potential for learning†. It is effort that separates successful students from the unsuccessful students. Though the American student may think that they work hard, we find that the Asian student is at a much greater level of pressure.

Marketing Strategy Place of Company Nikon Essay

Advertising is key to successful implementation of the strategic plan. The more often employees hear about the plan, its elements, and ways to measure its success, the greater the possibility that they will undertake it as part of their daily work lives. It is especially important that employees are aware of the measurement systems and that significant achievements be rewarded and celebrated. This positive reinforcement increases support of the plan and belief in its possibilities. Without buy-in from the head of a company, it is unlikely that other members will be supportive in the planning and eventual implementation process, thereby dooming the plan before it ever takes shape. Commitment and support of the strategic-planning initiative must spread from the president and/or CEO all the way down through the ranks to the line worker on the factory floor. Just as importantly, the strategic-planning team should be composed of top-level managers who are capable of representing the interests, concerns, and opinions of all members of the organization. As well, organizational theory dictates that there should be no more than twelve members of the team. This allows group dynamics to function at their optimal level. The components of the strategic-planning process read much like a laundry list, with one exception: each piece of the process must be kept in its sequential order since each part builds upon the previous one. This is where the similarity to a flow chart is most evident, as can be seen in the following illustration. The only exceptions to this are environmental scanning and continuous implementation, which are continuous processes throughout. This article will now focus on the discussion of each component of the formulation process: environmental scanning, continuous implementation, values assessment, vision and mission formulation, strategy design, performance audit analysis, gap analysis, action-plan development, contingency planning, and final implementation. After that, this article will discuss a Japanese variation to Strategy Formulation, Hoshin Planning, which has become very popular.

Ra One- the Extra-Ordinary Sales Promotion by Srk

RA ONE- The extra-ordinary sales promotion by SRK I've often heard people say, film-making is nothing short of a gamble. And as any gambler will tell you, you've got to gamble huge to triumph huge. Going by this logic, Shah Rukh Khan is The Supreme Gambler of the year. What's at stake, beside the big money invested in RA. ONE of course, is a dream, a vision, an aspiration to make a film which appeals to kids and kids at heart. In short, attempt a film that appeals to the universal audience. At the same time, it ought to raise the bar for Hindi films. Also at stake is SRK's once-unchallenged supremacy as the reigning idol of Bollywood and that elusive thing called reputation. When you invest your repute in your dream project and stick your neck out, you expect nothing short of a mega-success. â€Å"I had a very clear of how we’ll market it. The first clarity was that we won’t have too many images of the film. I didn’t want it to be cluttered. I didn’t want it to be a hero and a heroine and their son. This is a superhero film and we had to introduce that. Whether people like it or not, my marketing thought is if you keep something in front of people for too long, they get used to it. So there was this big fear — when my costume comes out and me with blue eyes, will it be liked? Small considerations like this which you don’t think about while making the film, but when it comes out, people say, â€Å"you know what, your dadhee (beard) isn†t working at all†. SRK The daily promotional strategy of the media savvy Shah Rukh Khan seems to be working when it comes to publicizing his film ‘Ra. One’. He has pushed the film in every way possible – through multiple co-branding deals, in-film plans, promotional tie ups, marketing strategies, gaming and merchandising and much more. The ‘Ra. One’ous appetite of King Khan seems to be insatiable and everyone is being a part of it, whether they understand it or not. The film is thus ending up as the most promoted film till date â€Å"SRK’s strategy is similar to several Hollywood biggies where promotions start several months before release. Typically, big star cast movies and mega-budget releases such as Bodyguard, Singham etc start their marketing around eight weeks before release. But SRK has taken marketing to a whole new level for a Bollywood movie,† says Pritie Jadhav, chief operating officer, P9 Integrated – a division of Percept. The makers of Ra. One are on a marketing blitzkrieg Eros International and Shah Rukh Khan’s Red Chillies Entertainment have brand tie-ups for Ra. One to the tune of Rs. 52 crore of which Rs 12-15 crore has been earmarked for online promotion, an advertising executive involved with the promotion of the movie said on condition of anonymity. Brand tie-ups that the marketing spends of the film have been considerably subsidised. Some of the brands with whom tie-ups have been effected are Sony PlayStation, YouTube, Nerolac, McDonald’s, Western Union Money Transfer, UTV Indiagames, Videocon, Nokia, Coke, ESPN Star Sports and Cinthol. Eros and Red Chillies have recovered part of their huge investment in the film through in-film branding, media endorsements, pre-licensing of cable TV and satellite rights, music and other rights Promotion of the film officially began as early as December 2010 when the first poster was published in all leading news papers across the country. The film's first look was later unveiled by Khan on his Twitter page on January 1, 2011. Several months later, director Anubhav Sinha announced that he would be launching two teaser trailers of the film during the 2011 Cricket World Cup, a prior nine months before the film's actual release date. Ra. One is not a Bollywood film that [the audiences] have seen before. The kind of size and magnitude that the film has requires it to be slowly introduced to the audience and that is the very purpose why we are starting the whole communication so early. â€Å"says Anubhav Sinha The film's first theatrical trailer was released three months later to the p ublic. As a way to promote the theatrical trailer, Khan was accompanied by the director on a five city tour, which included such places like Delhi, Chandigarh, Indore and Ahmedabad. During the same event, a 3600  ft long fan mail collecting audience wishes and messages for the film was also launched. Strategies which have caught the imagination of a population of over a billion Indians * Online Promotions: Approx INR 52crore is the estimated total budget shelled out for Ra. One’s marketing, in which INR 15 crore is for online promotions. Usually Bollywood film promotions only starts eight weeks before release but SRK took it in the Hollywood way, from January of this year with his first appearance in Twitter. Later it was the Facebook Fan page that started off its promotion from March SRK and Google – YouTube announced a partnership deal on mutual benefits basis. An exclusive video was created by Red Chillies (Khan’s production company) and was integrated into the YouTube Channel (Ra. One Youtube Channel). The company launched the official customized Ra. One channel of the film on YouTube(a first for an Indian film) where several song and theatrical promos were released to the public, along with videos of the film's making, events and uncut footage. The channel also hosts games, including the first social game from India, and contests where participants can create promos from clips, music and dialogues of the film. * Merchandise: As a way to promote the film and increase its franchising business, Shahrukh Khan tied up with Seventymm to market a variety of merchandises related to the film. Products included original G. One tee shirts, coffee mugs, wrist bands, watches, mobile pouches, video cameras, as well as many other things. Similar products were also available for purchase on the official G. One online store, which was launched alongside the film's official website. [90% of the 400. 000 stationery items and toys were sold in 15 days and 100. 000 more have been ordered. The makers spent 1. 5 crore on the mold for the G. One action figure. In addition to this, a jewelery line inspired by the symbol of â€Å"Ra. One†,as well as a series of HCL laptops with customized integrated Ra. One skin[59]were also made available to the public. These products are designed in-house by Red Chillies, and have been manufactured in China. By October, 50 products will be sold in more than 3,500 stores and e-commerce sites. Comics: Red Chillies Entertainment collaborated with UTV Indiagames to develop digital comics based on the film's characters. Written by Khan, the comic featured weekly episodes and served as a prequel to the events happening in the movie * Video games: RA. ONE continues to surprise the Indian audience with new innovations on a continued basis. Red Chillies Entertai nment had declared a tie-up with Sony Computer Entertainment Europe (SCEE) to build a full cycle game on PlayStation platform. The video game version of the movie will be called ‘RA. ONE–The Game‘ and will be available on PS2 and PS3 (through PSN download). This is a newer direction for Bollywood to create a win-win strategy of both promoting the film as well as create a brand extension strategy for RA. ONE. The film, with its super hero touches, is appropriate to seamlessly use the PlayStation platform and connect with the In youth. * Print adds and billboards: Print ads have been booked in all leading publications while 1,700 billboards will show the superstar in his superhero gear. This by far the largest collaboration in terms of in terms of billboards for any movie . Somthing or the other we read about the movie everday . * â€Å"Bharat Bhraman† Tour: Shahrukh Khan is places for Ra. One. The King Khan has started his bharat bhraman and caught with his fans from Kolkata to Delhi. Shahrukh covered cities like Vadodara, Gujarat; earlier he was in Chennai for ‘Ra. One’ audio launch in Tamil; and he was in the cities Bangalore , Jaipur and Bhopal Vadodara. SRK did a 36-city tour, which will include several foreign destinations, and one of the highlights of these events will be a 3,600-feet-long fan mail collecting audience wishes and messages. Mobile Engagements and application: iPhone / iPad app for the fans, in collaboration with UTV’s Indiagames. To talk about the app – Ra. One is an arcade first-person shooter game where you can play as G. One to shoot bad guys down with their team leader Ra. One. The game comprises of three terrains – Trainyard, London Bridge and Wasteland with a total of 89 levels (called Waves in the game), starting with Wave 1 and unlocking as you complete each level. Movie themes ,songs , games , wallpapers all of which form a part of mobile engagments are easily accessible over the net * Television promotions: Appearances in three major shows (Just Dance , SA RE GA MA PA Lil Champs. Indias Got Talent)in 3 entertainment channels to participating in ‘kaun bangea corerpati’. Interviews and teasers are a constasnt attraction nowdays for the viewers . Televison promotion is playing a big role in promoting the film * Selling movie rights: Even before its release, Ra. One managed to earn a revenue of Rs132 crore simply by giving away the rights of the movie. The brand equity of film star Shahrukh Khan is unparalleled and his presence in the movie gives a huge boost to distributors and companies to get associated with the brand. Star India got the rights for Ra. One at around Rs40 crore. Apart from this, the music rights were bought for Rs15 crore by T-Series. The producers got a whopping Rs77 crore from Eros Entertainment to own the distribution rights of the movie * Release and Premiere: The movie would be released at over 3000 screens in India and over 1000 screens overseas. Apart from this, premieres at international destinations like Dubai, Toronto and London, which have a high popularity for Indian films are on cards. Due to various new marketing strategies adopted by the producers of the movie, Ra. One managed to generate a lot of positive word of mouth. If not for its success, this movie would definitely prove to be a landmark in the Indian film industry for its advertising and marketing strategies. Will promotional overdrive harm ‘RA. One'? They need to remain prepared to face the severe criticism if they fail to live up to the expectation by even a bit, and it will be difficult to match the hype because they have unveiled almost everything about ‘RA. One'. Audience expectations build up with such a high intensity campaign and the risk is that even a small disconnect can boomerang. That’s not the climax the producers would look forward to. The expections are have increased so much that if the film does not fair according to the standards set by the movie then the audience will feel cheated . Nevertheless the first reactions have come in from the trade analyst and they are optimistic about the film. â€Å"Wow! Brilliant! Mesmerising! Leaves u dumbfounded! Blockbuster! Indian cinema bar raisd! Saw portions of RA. . SRK surpasses himself. †- komal Nahata Watched more than an hour of #RaOne. Left me amazed. Technological breakthrough. At par with intl films. A superhero film that’s super! † – Taran Adarsh These reaction about the movie is only going to create a good word of mouth about the film and this will lead to audience booking there tickets Conclusion All said and done u like the promotions or not but u simply cant ignore the movie. Shahrukh Khan along with his team has made us think about the differentiated strategy implemented across the country . The strategy is here to stay . It has layed down a path that will make other filmmakers to think . As far as the box office collection goes it’s a sure short blockbuster. References * Saxena, Manjari (2011-10-24). â€Å"Ra. One: Shah Rukh Khan has another winner†. Gulf News. Retrieved 2011-10-24. * â€Å"SRK concentrates on Ra. One†. Filmfare. 2010-05-06. Retrieved 2010-08-22. * Press Trust of India (2011-10-21). â€Å"SRK turns salesman to sell ‘RA. One' merchandise†. CNN-IBN. Global Broadcast News. Retrieved 2011-10-21. * Ra. One: Exclusive & Authentic Movie Merchandise†. Seventymm. Retrieved 2011-10-20. * Adarsh, Taran (2011-10-21). â€Å"SRK, Eros take ‘Ra. One' to next level†. Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 2011-10-21. * Bhat, Varada (2011-09-19). â€Å"Bollywoods longest promotion†. Business Standard. Retrieved 2011-09-19. * â€Å"Shah Rukh meets fans on Google Plus Hangout for RA. One chat†. CNN-IBN. Global Broadcast News. Retrieved 2011-10-20. * Shinde, Shivani (2011-08-30). â€Å"India's first social game for Ra. One†. Business Standard. Retrieved 2011-08-29. * Baksi, Dibyojyoti (2011-10-14). â€Å"SRK's discovery speaks up about RA. One†. Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2011-10-15. * Jamkhandikar, Shilpa (2011-10-13). â€Å"A Minute With: Shah Rukh Khan†. Reuters. Retrieved 2011-10-13. * RA. One's rampage. Prannoy Roy Publications. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2011-10-20. * Joshi, Tushar (2011-10-18). â€Å"RA. One gets an addition†. The Times of India. Retrieved 2011-10-18 * NDTV Correspondent (2011-10-13). â€Å"I am SRK†. NDTV. Prannoy Roy Publications. Retrieved 2011-10-13. * Press Trust of India (2011-10-14). â€Å"Ra. One gets Rs 52-cr promotional push†. CNN-IBN. Global Broadcast News. Retrieved 2011-10-14.

Free Essays on Ann Bradstreet

Anne Bradstreet â€Å"Gender† The Struggles and Fears of being a Puritan mother and a puritan woman, Bradstreet had trouble writing poetry in a patriarchal, unimaginative world. Although Bradstreet grew up in affluence with the luxury of an excellent education, she was expected to behave as a normal Puritan woman. She was the wife and child of colonial governor, but her status could not save her from the maltreatment and contempt of women stepping over the line. The Puritan belief that a woman’s place is in the home perturbed Bradstreet. She did not agree with the cultural bias toward women in her time. Bradstreet was criticized harshly for her role as a female writer; nevertheless, she wrote more and more about being a woman. She showed the world that being a woman was to her advantage in the realm of her poetry. As Perry Miller explains, in an era that subordinated women to men and men to God â€Å"women who stepped beyond their domestic defines through literature- by reading or writing- were considered dangerous to themselves and to society†¦Puritans expressed considerable scorn for women who wrote or published† (360-61). On the other hand, Elaine Showalter offers the remark that â€Å"Bradstreet’s writings [i.e. her important later writings] is more inflected by gender than by nationality; it is not American.† Alvin H. Rosenfeld states that â€Å"There is the primary fact the [Anne Bradstreet] was a woman poet, and we look to her accordingly for that special point of view that belongs to the feminine sensitivity and which, we hope, will provide certain details of life in early America missing in the writings of her Puritan brothers.† (Rosenfeld 1970, 79). In fact, many critics believe that Anne Dudley Bradstreet’s feminine sensibility has always attracted scholars searching for details of early American life absent from the writings of her male contemporaries. Some Critics make a range of claims abou... Free Essays on Ann Bradstreet Free Essays on Ann Bradstreet Anne Bradstreet â€Å"Gender† The Struggles and Fears of being a Puritan mother and a puritan woman, Bradstreet had trouble writing poetry in a patriarchal, unimaginative world. Although Bradstreet grew up in affluence with the luxury of an excellent education, she was expected to behave as a normal Puritan woman. She was the wife and child of colonial governor, but her status could not save her from the maltreatment and contempt of women stepping over the line. The Puritan belief that a woman’s place is in the home perturbed Bradstreet. She did not agree with the cultural bias toward women in her time. Bradstreet was criticized harshly for her role as a female writer; nevertheless, she wrote more and more about being a woman. She showed the world that being a woman was to her advantage in the realm of her poetry. As Perry Miller explains, in an era that subordinated women to men and men to God â€Å"women who stepped beyond their domestic defines through literature- by reading or writing- were considered dangerous to themselves and to society†¦Puritans expressed considerable scorn for women who wrote or published† (360-61). On the other hand, Elaine Showalter offers the remark that â€Å"Bradstreet’s writings [i.e. her important later writings] is more inflected by gender than by nationality; it is not American.† Alvin H. Rosenfeld states that â€Å"There is the primary fact the [Anne Bradstreet] was a woman poet, and we look to her accordingly for that special point of view that belongs to the feminine sensitivity and which, we hope, will provide certain details of life in early America missing in the writings of her Puritan brothers.† (Rosenfeld 1970, 79). In fact, many critics believe that Anne Dudley Bradstreet’s feminine sensibility has always attracted scholars searching for details of early American life absent from the writings of her male contemporaries. Some Critics make a range of claims abou...

Study of Childbearing subsidiary policies and the Child Development Co-Savings Scheme The WritePass Journal

Study of Childbearing subsidiary policies and the Child Development Co-Savings Scheme Introduction Study of Childbearing subsidiary policies and the Child Development Co-Savings Scheme IntroductionProblem/Objectives:Rationale:Scope of study:Research Methods:Conclusion:References:Related Introduction In our study, we refer childbearing subsidiary policies as child-care subsidies and baby bonus (Child Development Co-Savings Scheme). Most would agree that these subsidy policies, which reduce parent’s costs to raise babies, would lead to higher Total Fertility Rate. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is defined as the number of children an average woman would have assuming that she lives her full reproductive lifetime [1]. Subsidy is generally defined as money granted especially by government to reduce the cost of service or of producing goods [2]. A study revealed that Australian Baby Bonus exerted a small positive effect on fertility [3]. The effect seemed to be stronger for second and possibly higher-order children. In addition the result showed that bonus effect is permanent. Other study conducted in United States evidently show that child-care is positively associated with the intentions to have further children among couples [4]. It is expected that by providing subsidies, number of children an average woman would have, would increase. However, the conclusion from past study could not determine that the result would be similar in local context since the researches are conducted in different demographical area. Our report will investigate the short-term and long-term effect of the policies and aim to provide a comprehensive solution to improve the fertility rate in Singapore. Problem/Objectives: For the past 30 years, Singapore has faced a serious problem of declining TFR (total fertility rate). With TFR of 1.16 in 2010 [5], Singapore is ranked 170th [6] in the world and arguably one of the lowest TFR in the world. This issue will lead Singapore to be an ageing society. Currently Singapore has 344,069 elderly residents in 2010; this amount is estimated to increase by 20% the year 2030. The situation causes some serious problems in productivity, national defence, and will be detrimental to the economy. Nowadays the Singapore government strongly encourages the Singaporeans to get married and have at least 2 children. To support the campaign, the country has provided various subsidies to help parents in raising their children. Rationale: Though subsidies have been given to the parents, the general statistics show that the Singapore TFR declines over the years. Several revisions such as increasing baby bonuses are done to make the subsidies even more helpful, but the result is still negative. Therefore, in our project, we would like to analyze in greater depth relating to Singapore subsidiary policies, investigate its short and long term impacts and research more about the perspective of our future generation with regards to government policy. Scope of study: Our research will focus primarily on the different government policies that are implemented to increase TFR. Other factors such as the environment, psychological-thinking, social factors which may affect TFRs will not be included. To make our research clearer and an all-rounded study, we have our attention only on childcare subsidies, baby bonus, educational subsidies, housing loans, maternity and paternity leave, and hospitalisation subsidies. To prevent discrepancy in interpretation, TFR is defined as the number of children an average woman would have assuming that she lives her full reproductive lifetime and the policies that we are looking at are pertaining to those implemented by the Singapore government only. Research Methods: Our study will focus on evaluating the effectiveness of government subsidy policies. Some of these policies had been revised over the years, to ensure that our analysis will be as accurate as possible, we will divide the discussion into 3 parts: short term, long term and future estimation. Short term is defined as 3 year after policy is implemented, long term will represent the general trend of the policy since it is implemented till present. Short and long term impacts will be analysed using data compiled from administrative records. Future estimation will be done through analyses of our obtained data from the survey. In this study, a two-part survey will be conducted as well. The first part will identify the important factors that affect people’s decision to give birth. Subsequently, the second part will address the perspective of the young generation towards childbearing. The survey questionnaire will include close –ended as well as open-ended questions. The target of our survey will be NTU students. The target sample size will be 100, of which 50 will be males and 50 will be females, after which the results will be collated and be analyzed further. With the results we will propose suggestions that will mould the policy towards greater effectiveness for the new, upcoming generation of Singaporeans. The expected result for our analysis is that government-based policies are effective in the short term, after which ineffective in the long term. We will then review the suggested solutions in hope that the policy can work better. Conclusion: Much research has been done to explore the effectiveness of government’s policies in increasing the fertility rate as the Singapore government found that they had a serious problem such as ageing population.   Although many policies were conducted and revised many times, the fertility rate seemed to decline slightly recently. Therefore, our paper hopes that by investigating the various polices Singapore government has used to impact TRF, we can find out the root of the problem to Singapore’s persistent low TFR and propose reasons for it. References: Biology-Online Dictionary (2007), Online dictionary. biology-online.org/dictionary/Total_fertility_rate 2. Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary (2008), Oxford University Press. 3. Drago, R., Sawyer, K., Sheffler, K., Warren, D., and Wooden, M. (2009),  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Did Australias Baby Bonus Increase the Fertility Rate?,† Melbourne Institute Working Paper No. 1/09, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research. 4. Lehrer, E. L. and Kawasaki, S. (1985), Child Care Arrangements and Fertility: An Analysis of Two-Earner Households, Demography (Vol 22; no.4), pp. 499-513. 5. Department of Statistics Singapore (2011), Online statistics. singstat.gov.sg/stats/keyind.html 6. Total Fertility Rate 2010 (2010), CIA World Factbook 2010. photius.com/rankings/population/total_fertility_rate_2010_0.html

How to Make Invisible Ink With Baking Soda

How to Make Invisible Ink With Baking Soda Follow these easy instructions to make non-toxic invisible ink, in just a few minutes, using baking soda (sodium bicarbonate). The advantages of using baking soda are that its safe (even for kids), simple to use, and readily available. Invisible Ink Ingredients Baking sodaPaperWaterLight bulb (heat source)Paintbrush or swabMeasuring cupPurple grape juice (optional) Make and Use the Ink Mix equal parts water and baking soda.Use a cotton swab, toothpick, or paintbrush to write a message onto white paper, using the baking soda solution as ink.Allow the ink to dry.One way to read the message is to hold the paper up to a heat source, such as a light bulb. You can also heat the paper by ironing it. The baking soda will cause the writing in the paper to turn brown.Another method to read the message is to paint over the paper with purple grape juice. The message will appear in a different color. The grape juice acts as a pH indicator that changes color when it reacts with the sodium bicarbonate of baking soda, which is a base. Tips for Success If you are using the heating method, avoid igniting the paper; dont use a halogen bulb.Baking soda and grape juice react with each other in an acid-base reaction, producing a color change in the paper.The baking soda mixture can also be used more diluted, with one part baking soda to two parts water.Grape juice concentrate results in a more visible color change than regular grape juice. How It Works Writing a secret message in baking soda solution slightly disrupts the cellulose fibers in paper, damaging the surface. When heat is applied, the shorter, exposed ends of the fibers darken and burn before the undamaged sections of paper. If you apply too much heat, theres a risk of igniting the paper. For this reason, its best to use either the grape juice chemical reaction or else apply a gentle, controllable heat source.

How mobile learning is used by students as part of their learning Essay

How mobile learning is used by students as part of their learning practice And to what extend does it provide new opportunities for teaching and learning in terms of access and flexibility - Essay Example In other words, m-learning reduces the restriction of the location of learning with the general portable devices’ mobility. The use of the mobile technologies elicits interesting queries as scholars examine the effectiveness of learning and teaching in this digital age. In real sense, mobile technologies enhance and extend learning across diverse groups of people. Currently, almost all people use and own at least one form of mobile devices. Such people not only own and use the devices but also invest some considerable amount of time, resources, and efforts in choosing, purchasing, customizing, as well as exploiting them. Most of these handled devices are an expression of part of even much of the values, identity, individuality, and affiliations of their owners via their choice as well as use. The devices are ubiquitous and pervasive, unobtrusive and conspicuous, taken to granted and noteworthy in lives of majority of the people. This explains why m-learning is more than e-learning using mobile devices as it also hints the possibility of leveraging the devices of learners and this can take education to new spaces, places, and modes (Traxler 2011, p. 4-5). For clarification, mobile learning is the use of handheld and mobile information technology devices such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), tablet PC technologies, as well as laptops in learning and teaching activities (Prensky 2001a, p. 1). As the internet and computers become vital tools of education, the technologies become increasingly portable, effective, easy to use, as well as affordable. This offers numerous opportunities for broadening the access and participation to information and communication technologies, and specifically to the internet (Campbell 2005, p. 32). The mobile devices like PDAs and mobile phones are more reasonably priced in comparison to desktop computers, thus

Death and Hamlet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Death and Hamlet - Essay Example The leading hero of the play Prince Hamlet is equally famous for his influential dialogues and impressive performance. He is undeniably one of the most interesting dramatic characters ever created by Shakespeare or any other dramatist. His character is very deep and has a lot of intensity which explains why many dimensions of his personality have been frenetically analyzed by critics to date. An in-depth analysis of Hamlet’s character speaks of the fact that he is a tough man who is not really afraid of the horrors of death. Hamlet in association with the theme of death forms a very interesting subject to be analyzed because it has a lot of intensity to it. Scrutinizing this character in reference to death can unravel many important aspects of the story also. The purpose of this essay is also to explore Hamlet’s relationship with and attitudes towards death throughout the play. Death is a highly pronounced theme of this Shakespearean tragedy and it is quite interesting how it influences Hamlet from the very start of the play. Hamlet’s relationship with death is described as very extraordinary by Bloom (400) who suggests that as soon as the news of his father’s death reaches Hamlet, he becomes literally obsessed with the idea of death. This obsession is evident in the firm belief he develops in his father’s ghost right from the start which is revealed to him by his friend Horatio. Before killing Claudius, he is passionate about finding about the reality of ghosts to know if they really live in the world after death of a person or not. He analyzes the idea of death from many perspectives which shows how weirdly fascinated he becomes with it after his father’s murder. The news of his father’s tragic demise totally transforms Hamlet as a person and instead of focusing on other things, he develops a fascination for death. When he considers the idea of ghosts and explores it, he analyzes death from a spiritual perspect ive. He is determined to find answers to his questions and death seems to be the absolute answer. He also sees death as a solution to his emotional and psychological problems. It is not just death of other characters like Claudius but his own death also which compels Hamlet to think long and hard. Several times he contemplates the idea of suicide to get free from the pressures of the real world which weigh down on him in a very tragic manner. He gives suicide a serious through for the first time when he says, â€Å"O that this too too solid flesh would melt, / Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew!† (I.ii.129-30). This is a very important dialogue because here Hamlet expresses his desire for death. He wishes his flesh would just melt and transform into dew after thawing itself because he does not want to live and is intrigued what will happen after death like if he will transform into a ghost and reunite with his father’s ghost. Then when he says, â€Å"Or that the Ever lasting had not fix’d / His canon ’gainst self-slaughter! O God! O God!† (I.ii.131-32), he desperately wishes God had not called self-slaughter (suicide) a sin. Actually, the notion of suicide also does not sit well with Hamlet’s religious views. Despite his vengeance and longing for death, Hamlet is a good Christian and fears that suicide will subject him to eternal suffering in hell. He admits that suicide is not morally right, but still longs for it. This leads him to a catch-22 situation and extreme dissonance envelops him consequently. In a state of acute distress, he concludes that no one will wish to continue living if one is not afraid of what awaits after death. But, he fears the promise of eternal punishment in hell for people who commit suicide and it is this fear, not of death but of what comes after, which interferes

Quantitative Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Quantitative Research Methods - Essay Example There are a number of factors that can be expected to have important role in determining the cognitive ability of individuals in their childhood. These factors include various characteristics of a child including gender, birth weight, breast feeding, etc., parental factors like parent qualification, parents’ social class etc. socioeconomic issues of family including ethnicity, religion, income, housing etc., other family related issues like childcare, bedtime, ability to read, etc. and geographical factors. This study will make an attempt to find which of these factors have significant effect on cognitive ability of children in UK. The thesis statement for this research can be stated as follows: Various children specific, parental, family specific and geographic factors affect cognitive ability of individuals at early age. Against this thesis statement the following research questions can be made: How do children specific factors like gender, birth weight, breast feeding etc a ffect the cognitive ability of a child? How do various parental factors like parents’ qualification, social class, etc. affect the cognitive ability of a child? How do socioeconomic factors related to a family, like ethnicity, religion, income, housing, etc. ... hypothesis: Children specific factors like gender, birth weight, breast feeding etc do not significantly affect the cognitive ability of a child Alternative hypothesis: children specific factors like gender, birth weight, breast feeding etc significantly affect the cognitive ability of a child. Hypotheses related to second research question: Null hypothesis: Various parental factors like parents’ qualification, social class, etc. do not significantly affect the cognitive ability of a child. Alternative hypothesis: Various parental factors like parents’ qualification, social class, etc significantly affect the cognitive ability of a child. Hypotheses related to third research question: Null hypothesis: Socioeconomic factors related to a family, like ethnicity, religion, income, housing, etc. do not significantly affect cognitive ability of a child. Alternative hypothesis: Socioeconomic factors related to a family, like ethnicity, religion, income, housing, etc. significa ntly affect cognitive ability of a child. Hypotheses related to fourth research question: Null hypothesis: Family related factors like bedtime, ability to read, childcare, etc. do not significantly affect cognitive ability of a child. Alternative hypothesis: Family related factors like bedtime, ability to read, childcare, etc. significantly affect cognitive ability of a child. Hypotheses related to fifth research question: Null hypothesis: Geographical factors do not significantly affect cognitive ability of a child. Alternative hypothesis: Geographical factors significantly affect cognitive ability of a child. In order to test these hypotheses a statistical test of regression will be conducted. The data and method for the test will be discussed in the next section. Data and Method: Sample data: For

Music and the society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Music and the society - Essay Example The lyrics therefore fuses with the instruments to resulting a holistic peace that does not only entertain but also communicates the basic aspects of the society. Set in the society and targeting the same society for audience, musical compositions limit their creativity to the similar attributes of the society. This implies that the themes in the songs and the musical instruments used in the songs must come from the societies in which either the composers or the audience belong. Songs therefore portray the social, political, economic and cultural aspects of the society. In doing these, the draw lyrics from the specific features of the above elements that affect the society daily (Chris, Gerald and Allen 44). Through time, societies develop their technologies and cultural behaviors alongside other pertinent attributes. Songs and other works of art should therefore communicate the constant change in their presentation. This includes the type of instruments they use and the level of cre ativity in composing the songs. Songs must therefore reflect the changes through time. This implies that songs produced in different times should portray the difference in the features of society. The difference should be easily evident in the lyrical composition of the songs and even the instruments used. The technological changes often result in improvements in the instruments and other technological aspects of the composition. Songs should therefore always have better quality owing to the fact that they subsequent song productions employ better technologies. Due to the modern telecommunication developments, the world has eventually become a global village denoting that people easily trade cultural products key among which are songs and other works of arts. With such developments, any work of art that targets the global audience must address issues that are familiar to the global market. This compels detailed researches to identify the prominent aspects of the global society. Song s determine the trends in the global popular culture, composers of songs and other global works of art therefore have increased responsibility of regulating their cultural products to limit their compositions to uphold the values and virtues in the wider global society. From the above discussion, it is obvious that comparing to musical compositions is synonymous to comparing the different times of production for the two or more songs. Through the themes in the songs, the instruments used and the composition styles, the social, economic, political and technological state of the times become evident. Two of such songs composed and produced at different times in history but are still classical master pieces are The Four Seasons by Antonio Vilvadi in 1723 and Music for the Funeral of Queen Marry written by Henry Purcell in 1965. The time differences between the two songs is more than three centuries a time within which the society changed its structure. Political, social, economic, cult ural and even technological factors all changed thereby creating a big difference in the nature of the songs. They both have a representation of each of the five aspects of the society and the nature of representation in the two communicate the difference in the time lines. As its name suggests, The Four Seasons describe the seasons in the year and the activities in them. In his composition, Vilvadi composes and produces four concertos to represent he four seasons. Published for the first time in 1925, the four were part of the twelve concerti named the contest between harmony and invention. Each of the four concerti has unique composition structure and uses different instruments to create the difference in the tempo and therefore the general composition. The first two represent the warm seasons of

A major crisis in my famouse company or shop with one of my Essay

A major crisis in my famouse company or shop with one of my customers> - Essay Example This was the first time any such complaint was brought into the notice of the company. Our company has been an established name in the clothing and accessories industry since many decades. To protect our image, we asked the woman to leave the shirt and her contact with us and if we found that the rash on her face was the result of our product she will surely be compensated. After the woman left a meeting was called where the senior most management was briefed about this unusual complaint faced for the first time by any customer. It was concluded in the meeting that action must be taken on this complaint before any other customers come to us with the same complaint. An inquiry commission was appointed to look over this case and presented a report to the senior management about the whole issue. The shirt of the customer was sent for examination in the lab. After few days the result of examination came and it was a shocked to hear that the company’s product was responsible for the rash. The report suggested that chemical named â€Å"formaldehyde† is found in the fabrics of the shirt. This chemical is mostly used for giving the clothes permanent press effect and also for increasing stain resistance. However this chemical can be harsh on skin if used in large quantity. The amount of formaldehyde found in fabric supplied by the supplier was more than the standard amount and this is the reason why the woman was complaining about skin irritation. Now that the company found the root cause of the problem, it was decided that it will be better for the firm to change the supplier, to avoid such problem in future. It was concluded that it is not solely the mistake of the supplier, but the inspection department of our firm also failed to detect the presence of such strong chemical in the raw material. The head of the inspection committee was also given a warning after this incidence and was asked to be act extra

Containment policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Containment policies - Essay Example The Divine et al. (28) outlined that it prevented the actions of Soviet Union of spreading of communism ideology and doctrines across Europe, China, Korea, and Vietnam. This policy was utilized to justify the US engagement in the Vietnamese war and Korean War. Containment policy was a component of cold war and was formulated by George Kennan after the Second World War between the years 1940 to 1950’s. The US viewed communism as threat as it controlled the private life and the thoughts of its citizen (145). However, the policy lost its influence in the year 1953 after the demise Stalin. Originally, the policy was applied in 1947 by Turkey and Greece after being promised of military support, technical assistance and economic support by the American government and other non-communist nations (156-161). An analysis of three examples of the containment policy in both Europe and Asia As cited by Divine et al. (176-189) amongst the three examples of containment policies in both Europ e and Asia included: the Korean War, NATO formation, and mutually assured destruction. First, the rise of communism in the Asian continent is the last place the Soviet Union thought it would introduce communism. The Korean War is a manifestation of how the containment policy

A major crisis in my famouse company or shop with one of my Essay

A major crisis in my famouse company or shop with one of my customers> - Essay Example This was the first time any such complaint was brought into the notice of the company. Our company has been an established name in the clothing and accessories industry since many decades. To protect our image, we asked the woman to leave the shirt and her contact with us and if we found that the rash on her face was the result of our product she will surely be compensated. After the woman left a meeting was called where the senior most management was briefed about this unusual complaint faced for the first time by any customer. It was concluded in the meeting that action must be taken on this complaint before any other customers come to us with the same complaint. An inquiry commission was appointed to look over this case and presented a report to the senior management about the whole issue. The shirt of the customer was sent for examination in the lab. After few days the result of examination came and it was a shocked to hear that the company’s product was responsible for the rash. The report suggested that chemical named â€Å"formaldehyde† is found in the fabrics of the shirt. This chemical is mostly used for giving the clothes permanent press effect and also for increasing stain resistance. However this chemical can be harsh on skin if used in large quantity. The amount of formaldehyde found in fabric supplied by the supplier was more than the standard amount and this is the reason why the woman was complaining about skin irritation. Now that the company found the root cause of the problem, it was decided that it will be better for the firm to change the supplier, to avoid such problem in future. It was concluded that it is not solely the mistake of the supplier, but the inspection department of our firm also failed to detect the presence of such strong chemical in the raw material. The head of the inspection committee was also given a warning after this incidence and was asked to be act extra

Criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Criminology - Essay Example (Beck 2006).Two statistical programs to measure the magnitude, nature, and impact of crime administered by the U.S. Department of Justice are the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). The purpose, focus, and method of these two programs cover different aspects of crime, whereas, the information they produce gives a comprehensive picture about the Nation’s crime problem. The UCR Program, directly under FBI, compiles data from monthly law enforcement reports or individual crime incident records received by FBI, which is further scrutinized and compared with previous monthly submission for discrepancy. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) has been formulated after intensive research by Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) and the crime data collected from nationally representative sample by the U.S. Bureau of Census, through personnel household interviews. The data is individualized, covers individual information as well as feed-back on the performance of criminal justice system, and generally projects those crimes that were not reported to law enforcement. Though NCVS is designed to complement the UCR program there are Major differences in UCR and NCVS. UCR provides a reliable quantitative statistics for law enforcement, whereas NCVS projects qualitative statistics on previously unavailable information about crime, as the two programs measure non-identical set of crimes. In addition, crime definitions and scale adopted to calculate crime rates differ from each other, resulting in statistical discrepancies and estimation. Major sources for Crime data collection in the United States are (1) Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). The National Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program is a nationwide statistical collaboration in the United States to collect accurate

The Hawala Extortion Method Essay Example for Free

The Hawala Extortion Method Essay Among the methods terrorists worldwide use to move money from regions that finance them to target countries some hardly leave any traceable trail. As regulators learned recently, one of the weak points in the payments chain through which illicit funds can enter is a system of traditional trust-based banking originating in southern Asia which is known as hawala. The word hawala is Hindi meaning trust or exchange. Often used in relation with the word hundi which stands for bill of exchange hawala is an unofficial alternative remittance and money exchange system enabling the transfer of funds without their actual physical move. Traditional financial institutions may be involved but more often the system is used to bypass banks. There are an estimated 3000 international hawala brokers operating in Asia. Allegedly the business is monopolized by migrants from India who mostly operate from countries in the Gulf and South East Asia. Networks include trading points in the financial centres of Singapore and Hong Kong, and some of the biggest family-based money-dealers are based in London. In principle, hawala works as follows: Individual brokers or operators†, known as hawaladers, collect funds at one end of the payment chain and others distribute the funds at the other. For example, an expatriate working in America or Kuwait who wants to send money back to his family in Pakistan or Syria turns to a moneylender or trader with contacts in both countries giving him the money. The trader calls a trusted partner in the home country who delivers the amount to the family, minus a commission. For identification and the details of the trade often a code is used. The two traders settle accounts either through reciprocal remittances, trade invoice manipulations, gold and precious gem smuggling, the conventional banking system, or by physical movement of currency. Usually, hawaladers operate independently of each other rather than as part of a larger organization. For Asian immigrants the hawala system provides a speedy, reliable and trustworthy method to remit money home. In principle, it allows cash delivered in one place to be made available elsewhere in the time it takes to make a telephone call or send a fax. The system proves superior to any Western banking operation: No identification needs to be presented, commissions are very low, transmission is very fast, and the system is in operation 24 hours a day and every day of the year even in regions where no banks or other financial institutions exist. The latter also explains why the system is not only used by expatriates, drug barons and terrorists, but in some countries is quite common in rural areas. For example, in the 1980s, about 70% of total credit outstanding in Pakistan were estimated to be in the informal sector, and about 80% of all informal credit were in agriculture. Hawala has been a traditional method of moving money in south Asia long before Western banking became established in the region protecting early merchants along the silk road against robbery. In ancient China it was known as fei qian or flying coins. The system spread throughout the world – to other Asian regions, the Middle East, eastern and southern Africa, Europe and North and South America – following immigration patterns. Based on a mans word there is strong market segmentation in that, for example, a Pashtun trusts only a Pashtun hawaladar, a Sikh only a Sikh one, and so on. These days, although mainly used for legitimate transfers and often operating in conjunction with Western banking operations, the hawala system is regarded as a key factor in money laundering, other financial crimes and financing of illegal organizations committed in and associated with South Asia. Hawaladars in Dubai, India and Pakistan are said to be forming a hawala triangle responsible for significant international money laundering activities that spread far beyond the region.

Rational Perspective And Approaches To Strategic Management

Rational Perspective And Approaches To Strategic Management The word strategy mainly takes for granted the historical and geo political conditions under which management precedences are determined and executed. Strategic Management is not just restricted to the business world rather it can be seen in the ever widening circle of problems which are suitable for its application- from public sector and NGOs to regional economic development. In this essay we try to explore the rationalities to help managers improve organizational effectiveness and corporate profitability. The dynamic approach seeks to explore the nature of strategic management as an organizational process. The rational approach exposes the contradictions between the idealised myth of perfect competition and the more realistic ramifications of market power as explored by business school strategists (Porter, 1980). But at the end of the day, for both approaches, it has been seen that managers are the only players within the organisational structure of the market who have any power in the real strategic process. This eventuality has been criticised by such eminent scholars as Whittington (1993), who proposes mechanisms to ensure that the strategy process remains objective rather than being captured by a particular management faction; moreover, he suggests that managers can draw from broader, less visible sources of power, such as the political resources of the state, the network resources of ethnicity, or, if male, the patriarchal resources of masculinity (1993: 38). Moving away from managers One limitation of the dearth of literature available on the analysis of strategic planning is an account of how a faction of global managerial staff came to assume and maintain a stronghold on the strategic processes in the larger scheme of the market. There, however, have been individuals who have addressed this issue, notably among them Shrivastava, who, in a landmark critique in 1986, sought for emancipation in the acquisition of communicative competence by all subjects that allows them to participate in discourse aimed at liberation from constraints on interaction (1986: 373). He also called on researchers to generate less ideologically value-laden and more universal knowledge about strategic management of organisations (1986: 374). Post modern critiques, such as that by Knights and Morgan (1991), take a leaf out of Shrivastavas book and similarly propound a more constitutive and inclusive approach to strategic planning. They see corporate strategy as a set of discourses and practices which transform managers and employees alike into subjects who secure their sense of purpose (1991:252). So they are saying that managers cannot stand at a passive distance from ideology and impose their personal rationales on an unaware workforce. But for all practical purposes, that is what takes place in the actual workplace a core group of elite members, often known as the executive board, are the only participants of strategic discourse, with more actual manual labour deployed on workers as we go further down the line. This norm looks like it is here to stay, at least for a while. This is because even in the contemporary business scenario, mid0level managers, even if they assume any strategic responsibility, are possibly livi ng an illusion if they feel that they have any decisive say in the actual decision-making process. If we draw from Sun Tzus seminal work on military strategy, The Art of War (1983), we find echoes of this theory, where, as in a military structure, it is the field marshall who is behind the drawing board and the foot soldier who is out there on the ground fighting. The captain, or the mid-level manager, does have a say on the functioning of the troops on the ground. But in actual effect, all he is doing is relaying the strategy of those above him, or the executive board members. The rational and dynamic approaches Before we move on further and investigate the pros and cons of the two approaches under discussion rational and dynamic let us start by taking a brief look at both. The rational approach This is concerned with an organisations ability to achieve the goals that it has set for itself. For this, the organisation must first identify a goal for itself, then define a set of means or objectives that can be employed to achieve this goal, and then set in place a list of activities that help put the objectives in action. An evaluation of the organisation is then based on the number of objectives it achieves in comparison to the number it had planned. The primary motivating factor in this model is profits for the company. As such, the top echelon of decision making under such a system can tend to be more autocratic in nature than in other models. Managers who are inspired by financial statements alone in turn tend to leave their workforce uninspired. In a critical study for his PhD, C.P. Washburn says, What we found is that executives emphasizing rationality in their decision making are less likely to be seen as visionary by their subordinates and more likely to be seen as autocratic. But the more holistic executives are seen as more visionary and less autocratic. But as things stand today, despite the non-holistic nature of a rational approach (Washburn, 2006), it still predominates in the global workplace. This is possibly because of the logical framework that defines a rationale approach. Managers who follow it believe that a precise end to an objective should be sought through equally precise and calculated means, and that focusing their energies on quantifiable activities that can be observed and measured is the best way forward. Even if not quite, in a sense, the rational approach can be summarised in the famous sentence from the 1987 movie Wall Street, Greed, for the want of a better word, is good. The dynamic approach The dynamic approach to strategic planning is aimed more at smaller businesses that lack the necessary revenue to implement all the complicated strategies that a larger organisation can. It was conceived by Edward Pierce, who was at the School of Business and Entrepreneurship at Nova Southeastern University until he retired in the early 2000s. The need for a new approach that moved away from the traditional rational approach was instigated primarily for the benefit for smaller firms. Apart from a basic strategy that is absolutely essential for a line of sustained credit, anything else is a luxury, not least because strategic managers are usually prohibitively expensive for such firms to hire. Moreover, it is not within the financial realm of these smaller organisations to develop a complicated strategy (which in all possibility only a handful of people in the organisation are competent enough to fully comprehend) and then let it gather dust. Unlike the larger organisations that have the means and the resources to leave strategic planning to the hands of a few select individuals in the executive board, these smaller organisations have a more hands-on approach across all levels of management, with even mid-level managers sometimes given a free hand to take decisions. The common necessity for a vision and mission Whether it be a large scale MNC or a small-scale non profit organisation, each must have a vision for the company. Essentially, the vision of an organisation is the single statement that will be able to guide the enterprise across its several strategic business units (SBUs) (Whats In a Vision Statement, 2003). Talk of SBUs brings us to the consideration of another critically important component of strategic planning a mission. There has been much debate over whether vision is more important that mission and it is not our prerogative to enter further debate here. Instead, we can simply define vision as an enterprise view and mission as an SBU view (Whats In a Vision Statement, 2003). Of course, the vision and mission of a particular company are determined by its positioning in the market context. The larger a company, the more complicated is its vision statement and more tedious is the process of achieving its mission. For instance, if we take LG as an example, the parent company has one single vision, but it is modified to suit the needs of its various SBUs such as those for phones, wireless equipment and other electronic appliances. It would not be feasible to assume that this vision statement would apply equally across all the different SBUs within the company. The same would hold true even in the case of a small company, say one that specialises only in making carpets. The vision statement would remain fundamentally the same, but would be applied in different avatars across the different departments that the company might have, such as carpet-manufacturing, the sales division, the training department and so on. Basic differences between the two approaches As we have seen so far, a maximisation of profits is the founding principle behind an organisations rational approach. It is the more traditional way of functioning, and due to its emphasis on increasing revenues as the most important objective, it finds support and has for a long time in Wall Street. But given the vagaries of the market situation not just right now post the financial crisis, but for a while now, there had been the need for a more theoretical approach to strategic planning than simply a total profit = total revenue total cost way of thinking. This is where, apart from the previously discussed need for a holistic approach, Edward Pierce stepped in with his dynamic approach. The rational approach was an all-encompassing one that looked at business through a one-light prism of profit. The dynamic approach, at least according to me, represents a better view of the complex market scenario that is prevalent at present. Large businesses have taken the biggest hit in 60-o dd years. Small businesses on the other hand are continuing to face the future with a bright prospect. In such a situation, a low-cost, direct-result-oriented approach to strategic planning suits the needs of a market that is thriving more for smaller businesses than for large conglomerates. But even while saying this, the benefits of a rational approach despite its disadvantages are there for all to see, and have been for many years now. The main amongst these benefits are an improvement in sales and profitability. It should follow then that productivity would see a similar surge through the rational model. This might have held true earlier more than it does now. Right now, it is possibly the inclusive nature of the dynamic approach that can be best utilised to increase productivity. And this increased productivity today apart from a more harmonious working relationship between the different levels of management would lead to more sales and profitability later down the line. The problem that I have with the rational model is that to an extent, it is behind the credit crisis that we faced as a world a couple of years ago. The greed that operated in Wall Street the same greed that is the basis of the rational approach filtered down to Wall Street. The world at large lost its humane characteristic to a degree and hankered after immediate financial returns and benefits, which is what led to the crisis that we faced. The other problem with the rational approach is its non-inclusive nature. If we take the example of any global financial institution that was affected in the crisis be it Lehman Brothers or the Royal Bank of Scotland how much of it was due to the middle-income banker who sits at his terminal in Canary Wharf for example? How much of an idea did he or she have as to what was afoot in the top rungs of the ladder? More significantly, if such people did indeed have an idea of how harmful the trend of borrowing from mortgage brokers was becoming and were not party to it and had feasible arguments to counter and tackle it were their voices heard? I am guessing not, because it takes a middle-income banker with tremendous guts to walk through the door of, say, the vice-president and tell him or her that what he or she is doing possibly for greed if not on a personal level then on the companys behalf could later have ramifications that the entire world at large would reel under. Another advantage that the dynamic approach has over the rational approach is that because it is more human-oriented than the rational approach, which is more finance-oriented, there is a reduced resistance to change. This is of critical importance since in the rapidly evolving global market scenario, continually changing to adapt to situations is the need of the hour. Moreover, since larger multinationals have been exposed post the financial crisis (which is a necessary standpoint for any study of strategic planning in the present scenario) smaller organisations are seeing the light of day more than in the recent past. This means that evolving approaches to strategic planning should be geared in such a way that it suits the needs of these lesser organisations so that they can play their inevitably crucial role in getting the world back to where it was. That is possible more through a dynamic approach to the problem than a profit-oriented rational approach. In fact, the very word, dynamic, is a literary representation of the zeitgeist of our times.

Community Service and Volunteering Essay -- Contribution to My Communit

â€Å"Volunteers are not paid; not because they are worthless, but because they are priceless.† - Sherry Anderson (Volunteering Quotes: Finest Quotes). On average, when people think about community service, they assume that volunteering is just ‘hours we need to be able to graduate’ and that is it. Community service is more than just hours; community service is based on the acts performed by someone with the purpose of helping or bringing benefits to his or her community. People frequently compare community service as a punishment since it is often offered to small-time offenders as an alternative to fines or jail time. However, community service is the vital force to many communities since they depend on the service made by the volunteers to be able to grow (The Importance of Volunteers). Nowadays, the words â€Å"community service† and â€Å"volunteering† are being used constantly. People tend to forget or misunderstand the real meaning or significance of volunteering. By exploring the history and significance of volunteering in the United States, people can develop a culture of volunteering and enric h their lives and make a positive social contribution. Being a volunteer means that, that person is giving his or her time and skills to help their own community and those in needs, whether in a service, project or organization. People cannot confuse volunteering with a regular job since volunteers are not paid, and they just use their gratis time to help others, without expecting something in return (Student Essay on The Importance of Community Service). We persistently see community service and volunteering as a waste of time and unproductive act, but we need to take into account the seriousness these two topics ... ...ans, Book Summaries and More. Web. 03 Oct. 2011. . "The Importance of Volunteers." The Importance of Volunteers. Web. 14 Dec. 2011. "Volunteer Appreciation Quotes, Sayings of Thanks for Volunteering." The Quote Garden - Quotes, Sayings, Quotations, Verses. Web. 14 Dec. 2011. . "Volunteering." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. Web. 05 Dec. 2011. . "Volunteering Quotes :: Finest Quotes." Source for Famous Quotes, Inspirational Quotes & Sayings :: Finest Quotes. Web. 05 Dec. 2011. . "What Is Volunteering." Kids’ Why Questions. Web. 05 Dec. 2011. .

Leadership Style Paper Essay

A leader is one who uses interpersonal skills to influence others to accomplish a specific goal. A manager, leader or supervisor is most of the time used interchangeably but they are all different. The function of a good leader is to achieve a consensus within the group to also provide structure and to empower each team member to achieve their goals and to achieve them successfully (Sullivan & Decker, 2005). Leadership according to the reading can be formal or informal. Informal leadership is demonstrated by staff that does not have an appointed management position; informal leadership solely depends upon someone’s knowledge or on the job training. Formal leadership is someone who is appointment as the manager or supervisor, and this leadership is also based upon personal skills set but maybe reinforced by organizational authority and position (Sullivan & Decker, 2005). To be a successful leader one must be skilled in empowering others to do well and be successful. A successful leader demonstrates effective communication skills, problem solving skills, and decision making skills. A good leader clearly define their purpose and mission, a good leader most often understand people and their needs good leaders also recognizes people differences and use this knowledge in their interaction with each individual. A good leader most importantly must be able to inspire others to commit to their goals and also inspire success (Sullivan & Decker, 2005). Considering the reading, President Barack Obama demonstrates great leadership characteristics. President Barack Obama is what you call an authentic leader, authentic leaders is one that is understands the struggles of the front-line staff, and he is compassionate those people and as well as the American People that depend on him and his leadership team to make major decisions for our country. President Barack Obama not only is compassionate  about the people that he directly work with on a daily basis to run the country, he make the citizens of the United States feel that he cares from his actions. The change that has occurred since he has been in office has impacted most Americans in some aspect of life, whether the American is considered upper, middle, or lower class consumers. President Obama not only displays authentic leadership skill, but he also displays some characteristics of share leadership, he is aware that it takes many great leaders together collaborating to achieve goals or get the job done. He understands that change doesn’t happen overnight and in order to achieve a goal one must maintain consistency and drive. President Barack Obama also displays characteristics of a serving leadership, upon being elected as the President of the United States his desire has been to serve the people of the United States of America. The President has displayed this type of leadership since the beginning of his career as President; he has always prioritized the needs of the people which he serves, in an effort to maintain a healthier and economically successful Nation. Reviewing the result of the Leadership and Team Self-Management assessment, I scored 51 which displayed excellent leadership skills. Considering the results of the assessment in comparison to The President leaderships is accurate, based upon the assessment the results displayed that I have excellent leadership skills. The leadership roles that President Obama displays that i personally don’t have would be the shared leadership trait, in some situations I would rather do the job alone instead of asking for help from others, not really considering that several helpful opinions is better than one opinion on any given day. I don’t consider myself having any traits or any leadership strengths that will supersede ones of President Barack Ob ama; he is a great leader and is very compassionate about the rich as well as the poor in America and this reason alone set his leadership skills apart from the previous President. President Barack Obama has shown several things since he has been in office he is an all-around great leader and family man. He is a leader within his family as well as to the United States of America from his humble spirit to his courageous spirit of getting things done and attempting to make a impacting change for the people of the United States of America. In conclusion, a great leader is someone who cares about the needs of the group as well as the needs of the people that they serve. A great  leader empowers, gives structure, and understand that everyone is different and not everyone can be managed the same. Reference Sullivan, E. J., & Decker, P. J. (2005). Effective Leadership and Management in Nursing (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Book Review: Jon Krakauer’s “Into the Wild” Essay

In writing â€Å"Into the Wild,† Krakauer’s intention was to uncover the facts (or at least get as close to the facts as possible) surrounding Christopher McCandless’ journey â€Å"into the wild. † Krakauer discusses and presents theories and explanations about McCandless’ reasons for going off into a potentially fatal journey, and also presents investigations into how McCandless came to such a state in his life. Krakauer gives us some idea of the direct cause of McCandless’ death, and his reasons for doing what he did. Krakauer aims to give readers with invaluable insight into the mind of McCandless—how McCandless came about the idea of going to the Alaskan wilderness, what his motivations were, how he planned and managed to survive the grueling trek, and most importantly, â€Å"why? † The author seeks to understand what happened to McCandless in the wild, and to explain why someone so full of promise, who seems to have such an ideal life and much of all that he could ask for, could do what McCandless did. However, Krakauer does not presume to be certain about McCandless reasons, but he presents some very good explanations and allows us to understand McCandless’ mind even more. By revealing many things about the reasons behind McCandless’ death, Krakauer shows us that McCandless was far more than a simple and reckless fool who wasted his life. McCandless, who was an intelligent young man, went off into the Alaskan woods to â€Å"find himself† and to reunite with nature. He was heavily influenced by the literature he had read, to such an extent that he became, most of all, a man in search of himself and of a purpose in life. In order to really â€Å"find† himself, he felt it necessary to cut all ties from society, from his family, and reinvent himself as Alexander Supertramp, thus cutting his ties with his old identity. Whether or not he found what he was looking for in the wild is open to speculation, however Krakauer describes McCandless’s psychological terrain by including anecdotes and quotations from people who were in a similar state of mind as McCandless, as well as drawing parallels with his own life as a mountaineer and adventurer. Each chapter presents different tales from others who have been in the same road as McCandless, people who have also sought the solitude of the wild. Krakauer also interviewed people who have come in contact with McCandless during his journey. By the end of â€Å"Into the Wild,† the readers gains significant understanding of McCandless’ personality. Whether McCandless was brave or foolish, his journey of self-discovery is something that almost everyone can relate with and understand on some level. However, while the book is accessible to anyone who could have some interest in the controversial life and death of Christopher McCandless, it is most geared towards those who have sentiments similar to those that McCandless held regarding society, nature, and how to live. â€Å"Into the Wild† helps us understand McCandless’ character, although by the end of the book, it is still up to the reader to decide if McCandless was â€Å"right† or â€Å"wrong† in having done what he did – whether he was courageoeus or merely foolish.

Revolutionizing the World Through Social Responsibility Essay

Businesses won’t be able to function effectively and efficiently without the help of the government. People are having a hard time figuring out the role of businesses in line with the aftermaths of different scandals and fiascos in the past. Friedman also wrote in his essay in 1972: â€Å"The Social Responsibility of businesses is to generate money. † After hearing a lot of Corporate Social Responsibility talks, this one line fairly caused a bit of confusion for me. Businesses’ sole purpose and objective is to generate money. It’s implied. But whenever I hear Social Responsibility, I think of the words â€Å"philanthropy† and â€Å"non-profit†. But I think what Friedman meant in his essay is that in order for businesses to fully grasp their social responsibility in this economy is to first generate profit because that’s a start. They won’t be able to participate in this whole social responsibility thing if they don’t have impact capital. Businesses are created to do several ranges of things. First is to deliver superior value. They should help in the repair of damaged status quo. Second is to be mindful of their social impact. Businesses should use themselves to influence and promote social responsibility. Lastly, they should create and uphold new equilibrium. In this age wherein inequality is very rampant, businesses should initiate change and promote equality in their system then to the society. Businesses should create world changing impact. It’s what we need. In order for this to take place, there should be a cross-section collaboration between the government & business and philanthropy & non-profit. People should stop placing all the work to the private sectors can solve our problems and blaming them if they won’t be able to address the people’s problems. The speaker mentioned something about forces that can drive new movement in the supply chain. First is impact investing wherein capitalists create social benefit and drive economic return. One example is the disruptive model of a business called Zipcar. Zipcar encourages people to share a car, thus, taking cars off the road rather than putting more cars on the road which is better for the renter, sharer and most importantly, to the planet. Impact investing later on flows to demand. Businesses drive meaning & money and profit & purpose in order for them to generate profit and impact. The government plays a very vital role on the impact economy. It creates rules of the road in which firms can succeed. In which investors and entrepreneurs can thrive. The speaker enumerated four main functions of the government in order for them to participate fully in the impact economy. First, the government encourages standards. These standards help in the facilitation of common metrics. Global Impact Investing Reporting Standards (GIIRS) is one example. GIIRS evaluate firms’ performances to determine the social good that the business creates. Second, the government helps facilitate access. They help small and large businesses to gain entrance in the economy. Third, the government creates incentives. These incentives are powerful because they encourage people to be part of purpose-driven businesses. Lastly, it erects guardrails to protect the interest of the public. After watching this, it made me aware of the important roles played by businesses and the government. True enough. Businesses wouldn’t function well without the help of the government and vice versa. Collaboration between them should be fully applied. The government creates conditions in which businesses could succeed. Businesses help balance the economy with its clarification of the market with the mix of incentives. If these two function effectively together, impact economy can change our lives for the better. written by: Pamela Jessica V. Zaragoza Revolutionizing the World Through Social Responsibility – Speaker: Jonathan Greenblatt

The Children by Nina Fedorova Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Children by Nina Fedorova - Essay Example Lida is the main child. Manchuria is China and hard. Many peoples refugee there and Japan controlled. Lida and her mother are Russian and escape violence in Russian Revolution. Lida sings good and loves Jimmy from U.S. They will have marry some day and mail letters, but Lida stops getting them. When traveling to sing. Lida sees friends in Harbin and Shanghai. She sees the Platova, Mother Abbess, and Mme. Militza. Mainly Lida worrys for Jimmy, because must marry to be happy. Glafira marrys George and they are happy with brothers in Australia. Mother Abbess even wants to marry, but she dies. Jimmy has accident in hospital and Lida sad and sick but Leon downstairs send her letters. Lida writes Jimmy how that Leon asked her to marry and Jimmy doesn't write until he leaves so she choose. Leon is in Spain and Mrs. Clark finds out about Jimmy to help Lida to go to U.S. Before Lida leave, her home flooded. Piano can't be sold. Rooms Mother rent are full of peoples without house, so Lida has no money to leave. Lida's friend Alla is sick because her mother did not like her husband. They stay with Lida but Alla dies. "Fate deprived Alla of many pleasures in life now refused her even the traditional accessory of death." (Fedorova 340). The city was under water. People moved in boats and tubs and rafts. With no place to bury Alla. Mother sew her in sackcloth and she in General took body on boat to Hei-ho river and push her in. Japan soldiers sit in boats over fences because of blockade. The town is almost dry when Second World War happens. Russians have party for Lida because Miss Clark pays for boat. Lida travels with Mr. Rind and Professor Kremenetz, but she is careful without Japanese permission. Mr Rind is American but Professor Kremenetz is Russian and says "A Russian girl is almost ridiculous in her devotion. A Russian heart is the pathetic heart of a child rushing for an illusion, hurting himself and others - still refusing to take reality as it is." (Fedorova 375). Lida gets to Seattle and Jimmy buys her oranges. Everyone is child and Russian child have to learn. Many learn in The Children. The Shanghai student are get impressed by Lida and come see her sing. The boys stop changing Mme. Militza's sign and bring her flowers because a book told them how. Nikitka's mother rents him to Mrs. Pitcher and she sends him to school with English. He learns with younger child and then he cheats. No other English students like him and Nikitka gets beat for cheating so he runs away. Comrade Dasha is Communist. She read newspapers for Mr. Rind in Harbin. When Lida watches the frozen river at Christmas, she talks that God means she is never lonely. Dasha laughs because she is atheist. Dasha take Mr. Rind to Communist meeting where she is dead. Dasha saves the speaker from a bullet and has a big funeral because she was a worker. Lida tells Mother Abbess and the mothers pray because Dasha was atheist. Sinner Vera is a liar about everything. Her parents are killed at six years old. Mother Abbess says "To lie i s perhaps her way to believe that one can change the facts." (Fedorova 145). Lida's cousin Dima in England. He can go to U.S. but stays to fight for Mrs. Parrish in England. Dima has plan for children. He writes to Lida and her Mother to tell them about plan. He takes all from all fighting countries and they go to island.

Project Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Project Report - Essay Example The petroleum cars contribute to alto of pollution whereby they may leave poisonous exhaust fumes or oil leaking from their engines. To conserve the various natural plants and animals, it is important to take into consideration conservation measures that will help preserve the forests. Using electric cars and bicycles will reduce exhaust fumes and the spillage of oil in North Pennines and, as a result, reduce pollution mainly. The paper will, therefore, focus on the use of alternative transport like bicycles and electric cars to reduce stress to reduce pollution to the natural environment of North Pennines. North Pennines is a natural reserve that people visit especially in their leisure or past times. It is a natural habitat far away from the city and the many activities that affect the cities and towns. There are people who stay there and as a result help to maintain and take care of the various plants and animals. The area has human settlements and the forests and natural areas where people do not inhabit. The people thus visit North Pennines to enjoy the tranquility associated with it and to venture into natural adventures especially when sampling the various animals and organisms in North Pennines. The environment is mostly natural and an excellent habitat for the different plants found in North Pennines. Many people come with their private cars into North Pennines. Most people use their cars to move around and, as a result, a venture with the cars to North Pennines. They travel through the vast lands and the moorland using their cars. The cars, therefore, cover a lot of mileage w hen moving around North Pennines, and, as a result, bring with them a lot of pollution to an area that does not have much pollution near it. It is in a remote place, so the use of a car is essential for accessing it. People can use bicycles in accessing the area. Since cars come with pollution, it is

Genetic problems , down syndrome, hurlintong disease, diabetes, and Research Paper

Genetic problems , down syndrome, hurlintong disease, diabetes, and turner syndrome - Research Paper Example Sometimes errors can occur in the transmission of genetic material from parents to offspring or in the structure of the genetic material causing serious disorders in human beings. Structural chromosomal abnormalities arise when different enzymes are not able to repair several breaks in the pattern of chromosomes or even if they are able to do so these repairs are not specific enough to avoid the abnormality. These can be caused by chemicals, radiations, viruses, or any other type of abnormal event. These structural abnormalities are classified into four main classes respectively. These are Deletions, Translocations, Inversions and Ring Chromosome (Langman & Sadler 2006; Robbins et al 2005). Other names of deletion are gene deletion and deficiency mutation. Deletion is that type of genetic abnormality in which a sequence of DNA is absent in the chromosome or a part of chromosome is absent. It results in the loss of the genetic material from the chromosome. Translocation is also genetic aberration which occurs due to the rearrangement of the different parts of chromosome with nonhomologous chromosomes. Translocations are of two types that are reciprocal translocations and Robertsonian translocations. Reciprocal translocation is the translocation of genetic material between nonhomologous chromosome. These type of chromosomal translocations are harmless. When the two acrocentric chromosome fuse near the centromere resulting in loss of the short arm, this type of translocation is called Robertsonian translocation. In Robertsonian translocation the resulting karyotype in humans is 45 chromosomes. Inversion is that type of chromosomal abnormality in which a part of chromosome is split and introduced back to the same chromosome. Inversion is basically the aberration in a single chromosome itself and is not associated to other homologous or nonhomologous chromosome. Inversions are of two types paracentric and pericentric.

Drones for Domestic video surveillance Research Paper

Drones for Domestic video surveillance - Research Paper Example The demand for unarmed drones in the United States has increased over the years. Many people are enthusiastic about the operations of drones and their ability to collect data in a discreet manner. The demand for drone has led to the emergence of many drone-manufacturing industries. In America, drones are popular, and any persons can own one due to their cheap price. In fact, an average drone costs very much less than manned aircraft (Bennet 2). The government, through the FAA, has stepped in to regulate drone usage in the country. In this regard, drone usage is safe and should be embraced by Americans. There are mixed reactions regarding the use of drones America. People supporting drone usage argue that unarmed drones are harmless and do not threaten the security of the country. One of the benefits of drones on the homeland is that they are instrumental in crime investigation (Slag 12). Often, police face complex situations that may require a birds-eye view. The drones are discreet in their operations and hence can be useful for security apparatus. For example, the police can use drones in assessing the situation in a protest and identify the criminal activities and the perpetrators. In this regard, drones are essential in maintenance of law and order. A typical surveillance role of drones that assist in enforcement of law and order is the monitoring of movements across the border. Drones are useful in search and rescue operations in disaster hit areas. The country has experienced dire situations in the form of hurricanes, typhoons, and wildfires. Drone technology is useful in surveillance of areas that are beyond the reach of humans. The drones take pictures and videos and relays them to the relevant authorities. As such, the authorities can take action to rescue people under duress in case of disasters and also assess the level of damage. Opponents of drone usage in

What has been the thinking of scholars on beard's thesis 100 years Essay

What has been the thinking of scholars on beard's thesis 100 years later - Essay Example An economics and history argument, Beard’s thesis was vastly controversial during the early 1900s. Numerous academics have debated over the thesis, its meaning, and eventually questioned its legacy. In this thesis, Beard says that the process of forming the constitution succeeded over the interests of citizens. This is because the drafters of this constitution comprised mostly of federalists, large property owners, bankers, traders, capitalists, and creditors, whom Beard noted as substantial owners of â€Å"personality.1† In contrast, United States citizens largely constituted of farmers, debtors, small property owners, and people of moderate riches. This population demographic still holds almost entirely true a hundred years after the publication of Beard’s thesis. As a result, Beard’s proof for his thesis has not primarily overturned the claim despite criticisms that have collectively deteriorated it. Scholars like Harold Faulkner committed two sections to a discussion about the geneses of this war in his 1943 work â€Å"American Economic History.† Here, Faulkner says the impacts of the Civil War on America’s industrial, financial, and trading history were great2. According to scholars Sparrow and OBrien, Beard does not seem to overdo his hand in his argument about the founding fathers and the constitution of the United States. Rather, Beard underemphasizes his argument in the sense that he abandons the inferences that ensue from his inadequate focus on American citizens, who are largely average property holders3. Economics academic Roger Ransom says Beard exempted the wisdom and commitment of America’s founding fathers from his history. Ransom says the founding fathers overpowered their shallow self-interests to generate a masterful document for a whole nation. Using Robert Morris and Nathaniel Gorham as examples, Ransom says